Ramadan Basics

 In all my years living in the Muslim world I never missed an opportunity to break the Ramadan fast with a friends family if I was invited. I felt honored to share such a special time with such special people. This is my second Ramadan back in the states and I thought I would take a minute to share a bit about what Ramadan really is.

What does the Word Ramadan mean? Ramadan (rah‐muh‐dahn, ninth month) is the name of the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. The literal meaning of the Arabic word is scorching heat.

Dates of Ramadan: Since the Islamic calendar is based on the cycles of the moon, the dates for Ramadan vary from year to year. The observance of fasting coincides with the sighting of the new crescent moon. Usually, an imam (ee‐mahm, Muslim holy man) declares the official start of Ramadan. The period of Ramadan continues until the next new moon, about 29‐30 days.

Religious Significance: According to the Qur ‘an (kohr‐ahn, Muslim holy book), the month of Ramadan has special significance – it is the time when Allah began to reveal his instructions for mankind to his prophet, Muhammad. Fasting during Ramadan is one of the 5 pillars, or essential parts, of Islam. Muslims consider fasting an expression of their faith, a form of worship, and a way to please their god, Allah.Writings in the Hadith (hah‐deeth, a record of sayings or actions attributed to the prophet Muhammad) give more weight to good deeds performed during the monthof Ramadan and even say that if one fasts with a sincere heart, his sins will be forgiven. The Night of Power falls towards the end of the month of Ramadan. Muslims believe this is a special night when Allah pays special attention to their requests and many prayer fervently on this night. Often they are open to dreams and visions as they seek Allah’s guidance and revelation.

Social Significance: Fasting allows Muslims to gain an appreciation for what the poor and hungry in their community experience. Muslims are encouraged to donate to and serve the needy during Ramadan and believe that Allah will reward them for doing so. As Muslims across the world participate together in the month‐long observance of fasting, they demonstrate their unity.

Fasting: During Ramadan, Muslims begin fasting on the morning following the sighting of the new crescent moon. Muslims fast every day from the time it begins to get light until sunset. Typically, families get up before daylight and share a meal together. During the daytime, Muslims work or go to school as usual. They must refrain from eating or drinking – even water. In addition, they pray, read or listen to passages from the Qur ‘an, and attend services at the mosque. At sunset, Muslims are permitted to eat again. Often, friends and families gather in the evening to enjoy huge feasts.